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Osbeorn (died c. 1054), given the nickname Bulax, was the son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria (died 1055). He is one of two known sons — probably the older〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest'', p. 30〕 — of Siward.〔Aird, "Siward"〕 While it is normally assumed he was the son of Siward's Bamburgh wife Ælfflæd,〔 it has been suggested by William Kapelle that Osbeorn's mother was not Ælfflæd.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest'', p. 245, n. 8〕 The nickname "Bulax" probably represents the Old Norse term for "Poleaxe".〔Reany and Wilson, ''A Dictionary of English Surnames'', p. 351〕 According to the most reliable sources, he died at the Battle of the Seven Sleepers, fought somewhere in Scotland between Siward and Mac Bethad mac Findlaích, King of the Scots, in 1054. Under this year, the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', recension D, related that: "At this time earl Siward went with a great army into Scotland, with both fleet and a land-force; and fought against the Scots, and put to flight the king Mac Bethad, and slew all that were best in the land, and brought thence much war-spoil, such as no man obtained before; And there were slain his son Osbeorn, and his sister's son Siward, and some of his housecarls, and also of the king's, on the day of the Seven Sleepers (July 27)." 〔(ASC MS D ), s.a. 1054; translation based on Anderson, ''Scottish Annals'', pp. 85–6〕This battle was fought somewhere in Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, and is known variously as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane".〔Aitchison, ''Macbeth'', p. 90〕 The location Dunsinane is not accepted as historical by modern historians, resting as it does on later medieval accounts. The earliest mention of Dunsinane as the location of the battle being the early 15th-century account by Andrew of Wyntoun.〔Aitchison, ''Macbeth'', p. 90; Duncan, ''Kingship'', pp. 35–6; see Aitchison, ''Macbeth'', pp. 172–3, for a discussion of the possibility that Dunsinane was the location〕 In recension C of the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', the names of the slain are omitted, an omission repeated by the ''Chronicle'' of John of Worcester.〔Darlington, McGurk and Bray (eds.), ''Chronicle of John of Worcester'', vol. ii, pp. 574, 575, n. 15〕 Henry of Huntingdon related that Osbeorn had been sent to Scotland ahead of Siward: "() sent his son to acquire Scotland. And when they reported to his father that he had been slain in battle, () said, 'Did he receive the mortal wound in front of his body, or behind?' The messengers said. 'In front'. And he replied: 'I rejoice wholly, for I would deem myself or my son worthy of no meaner death'. Siward therefore marched into Scotland and conquered the king battle ... "〔Translation and notes in, Anderson, ''Scottish Annals'', p. 85〕Another legendary account, in the ''Vita et Passio Waldevi'', a hagiography of Osbeorn's brother Waltheof, claimed that Osbeorn, called "Osbert Bulax", was killed by Northumbrians while his father was absent in Scotland.〔Anderson, ''Early Sources'', vol. i, p. 594, n. 3 (from p. 593); Michel, ''Chroniques Anglo-Normandes'', vol. iii, p. 110〕 The accounts in Henry of Huntingdon and the ''Vita et Passio Waldevi'' are thought to be derived from a saga devoted to the life of Earl Siward.〔Wright, ''Cultivation of Saga'', pp. 75, 76, 127–33, 136〕 Geoffrey Gaimar's account related activity in 1053, an agreement made between Siward and Mac Bethad, but a death of Osbeorn is not mentioned.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest'', p. 250, n. 66〕 Osbeorn's death left Siward's legacy in danger. When he died the following year, his only son Waltheof was underage and thus did not succeed immediately to the whole territory ruled by Siward, Northumbria going instead to Tostig Godwinson.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest'', pp. 49, 87〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Osbeorn Bulax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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